Lab report names starting with A

Abbreviations

• a-tocopherolVitamin E (Alpha-Tocopherol)Measures alpha-tocopherol, the main form of vitamin E in blood, to check whether you have enough of this fat-soluble vitamin.
• A. fumigatus sIgEAspergillus fumigatus IgEMeasures IgE antibodies to Aspergillus fumigatus, a common mold, to show whether your immune system has become sensitized to it.
• A/DRCAldosterone / Direct Renin Ratio (ADRR)A calculated ratio of aldosterone to direct renin concentration. Clinicians use it as a first step when looking into primary aldosteronism in people with high blood pressure.
• A/GAlbumin/Globulin (A/G) RatioA calculated comparison of two groups of blood proteins, albumin and globulins. It is one clue about the liver, kidneys and immune system.
• A/G ratioAlbumin/Globulin (A/G) RatioA calculated comparison of two groups of blood proteins, albumin and globulins. It is one clue about the liver, kidneys and immune system.
• A/RAAldosterone / Renin Activity Ratio (ARR)A calculated ratio of aldosterone to plasma renin activity. Clinicians use it as a first step when looking into primary aldosteronism in people with high blood pressure.
• A1298CMTHFR A1298CA gene test for a common MTHFR variant that appears milder than C677T. Medical groups advise against routine testing for clots, and most people with it are healthy.
• A1ATAlpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) LevelA protein made by the liver that helps protect the lungs. A low level can be a first clue to alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, an inherited condition.
• A1cHemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)A1c shows your average blood sugar over about the past 2 to 3 months, based on how much glucose is stuck to your hemoglobin.
• A4AndrostenedioneA hormone made by the adrenal glands and by the ovaries or testes. The body turns it into testosterone and estrogen.
• AA RBCArachidonic Acid (AA), RBCHow much arachidonic acid, an omega-6 fat, makes up the membranes of your red blood cells, shown as a percent of all the fatty acids there.
• AA/EPAAA:EPA RatioA ratio of arachidonic acid (an omega-6 fat) to EPA (an omega-3 fat) in your blood. A lower ratio means relatively more EPA.
• AATAlpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) LevelA protein made by the liver that helps protect the lungs. A low level can be a first clue to alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, an inherited condition.
• AB42/40Amyloid Beta 42/40 Ratio, PlasmaThe ratio of two amyloid peptides in blood plasma. A lower ratio can be a sign of amyloid build-up in the brain, and each lab method has its own cutoff.
• ABGArterial Blood Gas (ABG)Lab panelArterial pH, gases, oxygen saturation and acid-base values.
• ABOABO Blood GroupYour ABO blood group (A, B, AB or O), set by markers on your red blood cells. It stays the same for life and matters for blood transfusions and pregnancy.
• Abs CD19CD19+ B Cells, absoluteHow many B cells are in a microliter of blood. B cells are the white blood cells that grow into antibody-making cells.
• Abs CD3CD3+ T Cells, absoluteHow many T cells are in a microliter of blood. T cells are white blood cells that direct and carry out much of the immune response.
• Abs NKCD16+/CD56+ NK Cells, absoluteHow many natural killer (NK) cells are in a microliter of blood. NK cells are white blood cells that help the body handle viruses and damaged cells.
• AC patternANA Pattern (ICAP)Describes how the antibodies in a positive ANA test look under a microscope, such as smooth, speckled or dotted. The pattern helps guide which tests come next.
• AChR binding AbAcetylcholine Receptor (AChR) Binding AntibodyLooks for antibodies that attack the acetylcholine receptor on muscle cells. A positive result is linked to myasthenia gravis, a condition that causes muscle weakness.
• aCL IgGAnticardiolipin Antibody IgGMeasures IgG antibodies to cardiolipin, a fat in cell membranes. Levels above your lab's cutoff are one piece of testing for antiphospholipid antibodies.
• aCL IgMAnticardiolipin Antibody IgMMeasures IgM antibodies to cardiolipin, a fat in cell membranes. Levels above your lab's cutoff are one piece of testing for antiphospholipid antibodies.
• ACPAAnti-CCP (Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide) AntibodyMeasures antibodies against citrullinated proteins. A positive result is closely linked to rheumatoid arthritis and can appear years before joint symptoms.
• ACRUrine Albumin/Creatinine Ratio (uACR)Compares albumin, a protein, with creatinine in a urine sample to show whether your kidneys are letting protein leak into urine.
• ACTHACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone)A pituitary hormone that tells the adrenal glands to make cortisol. It is read together with cortisol to see where a hormone problem may start.
• ADAGEstimated Average Glucose (eAG)eAG restates your A1C in the same units as a glucose test, to show roughly what your average blood sugar has been over about 3 months.
• Adj CaCalcium, Corrected for AlbuminCorrected calcium adjusts your total calcium for a low or high albumin level, to estimate what total calcium would be with a typical amount of albumin.
• ADRRAldosterone / Direct Renin Ratio (ADRR)A calculated ratio of aldosterone to direct renin concentration. Clinicians use it as a first step when looking into primary aldosteronism in people with high blood pressure.
• AECEosinophils (Absolute)The number of eosinophils, white blood cells that take part in allergies and fight some parasites, in each microliter of your blood.
• AFPAFP (Alpha-Fetoprotein)A protein made by a baby's liver before birth. Adults who aren't pregnant normally have very little. Doctors follow it in some liver and germ cell conditions.
• AGAnion GapThe anion gap is a calculation from sodium, chloride and bicarbonate that helps clinicians look into the acid-base balance of your blood.
• AGRAlbumin/Globulin (A/G) RatioA calculated comparison of two groups of blood proteins, albumin and globulins. It is one clue about the liver, kidneys and immune system.
• AHWidal, Salmonella Paratyphi A (AH) TiterA Widal test titer for the flagellar (H) antigen of Salmonella Paratyphi A, a relative of the typhoid bacterium.
• ALATAlanine Aminotransferase (ALT)An enzyme made mostly in liver cells. It leaks into the blood when liver cells are irritated or damaged.
• ALBAlbuminThe main protein in blood plasma. Made by the liver, it keeps fluid inside your blood vessels and carries many substances.
• ALCLymphocytes (Absolute)The actual number of lymphocytes, immune cells that help fight viruses and remember germs, in a given amount of blood.
• ALDOAldosteroneA hormone from the adrenal glands that helps your kidneys hold on to salt and water and release potassium. It helps control blood pressure.
• ALK PHOSAlkaline Phosphatase (ALP)An enzyme made mostly in your liver, bile ducts and bones. Its blood level gives clues about those tissues.
• ALKPAlkaline Phosphatase (ALP)An enzyme made mostly in your liver, bile ducts and bones. Its blood level gives clues about those tissues.
• ALPAlkaline Phosphatase (ALP)An enzyme made mostly in your liver, bile ducts and bones. Its blood level gives clues about those tissues.
• ALTAlanine Aminotransferase (ALT)An enzyme made mostly in liver cells. It leaks into the blood when liver cells are irritated or damaged.
• AMAAnti-Mitochondrial Antibody (AMA), screen/titerAntibodies against part of the cell's energy machinery. A positive result is the best-known blood marker for primary biliary cholangitis, a chronic bile duct condition of the liver.
• AMA-M2Anti-Mitochondrial M2 AntibodyAntibodies against the M2 part of mitochondria, measured by ELISA. They are strongly linked to primary biliary cholangitis, a chronic bile duct condition of the liver.
• AMCMonocytes (Absolute)The number of monocytes in a microliter of blood. Monocytes are white blood cells that clear debris and help fight infection.
• AMHAnti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH)A hormone made by small growing follicles in the ovaries. It reflects how many are growing and is used as a clue to ovarian reserve.
• AMPUrine Amphetamines ScreenA urine screen for amphetamine-type stimulants, including some prescription medicines. A first positive is presumptive until a second test confirms it.
• AMYAmylase, TotalAn enzyme made mostly by the pancreas and salivary glands. It is checked in the blood when belly pain or other symptoms may involve the pancreas.
• ANAAntinuclear Antibodies (ANA) ScreenA first-step blood test that looks for antibodies to the cell nucleus. A positive result is common and does not by itself mean you have an autoimmune disease.
• ANA IFA titerANA Titer (IFA)Shows how strong a positive ANA result is, written as a dilution such as 1:80 or 1:320. A bigger second number means more antibody was present.
• ANCNeutrophils (Absolute)The number of neutrophils in a microliter of blood. Neutrophils are your most common white blood cell and a first line of defense against germs.
• ANCAANCA Screen (IFA)Checks for antibodies that target neutrophils, a type of white blood cell. A positive result is linked to some forms of blood vessel inflammation and leads to more specific tests.
• ANCA IFAANCA Screen (IFA)Checks for antibodies that target neutrophils, a type of white blood cell. A positive result is linked to some forms of blood vessel inflammation and leads to more specific tests.
• AnGAPAnion GapThe anion gap is a calculation from sodium, chloride and bicarbonate that helps clinicians look into the acid-base balance of your blood.
• anti-CCPAnti-CCP (Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide) AntibodyMeasures antibodies against citrullinated proteins. A positive result is closely linked to rheumatoid arthritis and can appear years before joint symptoms.
• anti-dsDNAAnti-dsDNA Antibody (quantitative)Antibodies that target your own DNA. A positive result is linked to lupus, and in people with lupus the level is sometimes followed over time.
• Anti-DT IgGDiphtheria antitoxoid IgGMeasures antibodies against the diphtheria toxin to show whether vaccination or past exposure still gives you protection.
• anti-EBNAEBV nuclear antigen (EBNA) IgGAn antibody that appears months after Epstein-Barr virus infection and stays for life, so a positive result usually points to an infection in the past.
• Anti-ENAENA Screen (extractable nuclear antigens)Looks for antibodies to several proteins inside the cell nucleus at once; a positive screen is followed by tests that name the exact antibody.
• anti-GBMAnti-Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM) AntibodyAntibodies against a protein in the filters of your kidneys. A positive result is linked to anti-GBM disease, a rare condition that clinicians usually follow up quickly.
• anti-HAV IgMHepatitis A antibody, IgMAn early antibody to the hepatitis A virus. A positive result can mean a current or recent hepatitis A infection.
• anti-HAV totalHepatitis A antibody, totalMeasures all hepatitis A antibodies (IgG and IgM) together. A positive result usually means you are immune from a past infection or the vaccine.
• Anti-HBcHepatitis B Core Antibody, Total (Anti-HBc)An antibody your body makes after hepatitis B infection. A positive result is linked to past or current infection. The vaccine does not cause it.
• Anti-HBc IgMHepatitis B Core Antibody, IgMA short-lived antibody that appears early in a new hepatitis B infection. A positive result is linked to infection within roughly the past six months.
• Anti-HBeHepatitis B e antibody (anti-HBe)An antibody to the hepatitis B e antigen. In someone with hepatitis B, a positive result is often linked to the virus being less active.
• Anti-HBsHepatitis B Surface Antibody (Anti-HBs)The antibody that protects against hepatitis B. A result of 10 mIU/mL or higher is generally treated as protected, from vaccination or past infection.
• Anti-HCVHepatitis C AntibodyChecks for antibodies your immune system makes after hepatitis C exposure. A reactive result is followed by an RNA test to see if the virus is still there.
• Anti-LaAnti-SSB/La AntibodyLooks for antibodies to La (SSB), which often appear together with anti-Ro. They are linked to Sjögren's disease and lupus and matter for pregnancy planning.
• Anti-MPOMPO-ANCA (Anti-Myeloperoxidase Antibody)A blood test for antibodies against myeloperoxidase, a protein in white blood cells. A positive result is linked to some types of blood vessel inflammation (vasculitis).
• Anti-NSARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) antibodyChecks for antibodies to a protein inside the COVID-19 virus. A positive result can be a sign of a past infection.
• anti-PLA2RAnti-PLA2R Antibody (Phospholipase A2 Receptor)Antibodies against a protein on the kidney's filter cells. A positive result is strongly linked to primary membranous nephropathy, a cause of protein leaking into the urine.
• Anti-PR3PR3-ANCA (Anti-Proteinase 3 Antibody)A blood test for antibodies against proteinase 3, a protein in white blood cells. A positive result is most linked to granulomatosis with polyangiitis, a type of vasculitis.
• Anti-RNPAnti-U1-RNP Antibody (RNP)Looks for antibodies to U1-RNP. They are most closely linked with mixed connective tissue disease and can also appear in lupus and related conditions.
• Anti-RoAnti-SSA/Ro AntibodyLooks for antibodies to the Ro (SSA) protein. They are common in Sjögren's disease and lupus, and they matter for pregnancy planning.
• Anti-SSARS-CoV-2 spike (S) antibodyMeasures antibodies to the virus's spike protein, which rise after COVID-19 vaccination or infection. No number is a proven sign of protection.
• anti-SARS-CoV-2 SSARS-CoV-2 spike (S) antibodyMeasures antibodies to the virus's spike protein, which rise after COVID-19 vaccination or infection. No number is a proven sign of protection.
• anti-Scl-70Anti-Scl-70 (Topoisomerase I) AntibodyAntibodies against an enzyme called topoisomerase I. A positive result is linked to systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), especially the diffuse form of the disease.
• Anti-SmAnti-Smith (Sm) AntibodyLooks for antibodies to the Smith (Sm) protein. A positive result is uncommon and is most closely linked with lupus.
• Anti-SMAAnti-Smooth Muscle Antibody (ASMA) titerLooks for antibodies that react with smooth muscle proteins. Mostly used when checking for autoimmune hepatitis, a liver condition. Reported as a titer.
• Anti-SSAAnti-SSA/Ro AntibodyLooks for antibodies to the Ro (SSA) protein. They are common in Sjögren's disease and lupus, and they matter for pregnancy planning.
• Anti-SSBAnti-SSB/La AntibodyLooks for antibodies to La (SSB), which often appear together with anti-Ro. They are linked to Sjögren's disease and lupus and matter for pregnancy planning.
• Anti-tetanus IgGTetanus antitoxoid IgGMeasures antibodies against the tetanus toxin to show whether vaccination still gives you protection.
• Anti-TgThyroglobulin AntibodiesAntibodies aimed at thyroglobulin, a protein made in the thyroid. They are linked to autoimmune thyroid conditions and affect thyroglobulin testing.
• anti-topo IAnti-Scl-70 (Topoisomerase I) AntibodyAntibodies against an enzyme called topoisomerase I. A positive result is linked to systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), especially the diffuse form of the disease.
• Anti-TPOThyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (TPO)Antibodies aimed at an enzyme in the thyroid. They are linked to autoimmune thyroid conditions such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
• Anti-TT IgGTetanus antitoxoid IgGMeasures antibodies against the tetanus toxin to show whether vaccination still gives you protection.
• anti-VCA IgGEBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgGAn antibody to Epstein-Barr virus that appears in a first infection and then stays for life, so it shows whether you have ever been infected.
• anti-VCA IgMEBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgMAn early antibody to Epstein-Barr virus that is often present during a first infection and fades within weeks to a few months.
• Anti-ZnT8ZnT8 Antibody (Zinc Transporter 8)A blood test for antibodies against zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8), a protein in insulin-making cells. A positive result is linked to type 1 diabetes.
• APAPAcetaminophen (Paracetamol)Measures how much acetaminophen (Tylenol) is in your blood, mainly to check for an overdose.
• APCAAnti-Parietal Cell Antibody (APCA)Antibodies against the cells that make stomach acid. They are linked to autoimmune gastritis and pernicious anemia, but also appear in people who have neither.
• Apo A-IApolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1)The main protein in HDL particles. Higher levels usually go along with higher HDL cholesterol and are linked to a lower chance of heart disease.
• ApoA1Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1)The main protein in HDL particles. Higher levels usually go along with higher HDL cholesterol and are linked to a lower chance of heart disease.
• ApoBApolipoprotein B (ApoB)ApoB counts the cholesterol-carrying particles that can build up in artery walls, which can add detail beyond your LDL cholesterol number.
• ApoB-100Apolipoprotein B (ApoB)ApoB counts the cholesterol-carrying particles that can build up in artery walls, which can add detail beyond your LDL cholesterol number.
• ApoB/ApoA-IApoB / ApoA1 RatioCompares ApoB (the protein on particles that can build up in arteries) with ApoA1 (the main HDL protein). A higher ratio is linked to more heart attacks.
• ApoB/ApoA1ApoB / ApoA1 RatioCompares ApoB (the protein on particles that can build up in arteries) with ApoA1 (the main HDL protein). A higher ratio is linked to more heart attacks.
• APOEAPOE GenotypeA DNA test that shows which versions of the APOE gene you carry (e2, e3 or e4). The e4 version is linked to higher odds of late-onset Alzheimer's disease, but it does not mean you will get it.
• APOE4APOE GenotypeA DNA test that shows which versions of the APOE gene you carry (e2, e3 or e4). The e4 version is linked to higher odds of late-onset Alzheimer's disease, but it does not mean you will get it.
• aPTTActivated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT)A clotting-time test that shows how many seconds your blood takes to clot, and is also used to monitor heparin treatment.
• AQP4-AbAquaporin-4 (AQP4/NMO) IgGA blood test for an antibody to a water channel in the brain and spinal cord. It helps tell neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) from other nerve conditions.
• AQP4-IgGAquaporin-4 (AQP4/NMO) IgGA blood test for an antibody to a water channel in the brain and spinal cord. It helps tell neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) from other nerve conditions.
• ARAArachidonic Acid (AA)Measures arachidonic acid, an omega-6 fat in your blood that your body uses to make signaling molecules involved in inflammation and healing.
• ARA RBCArachidonic Acid (AA), RBCHow much arachidonic acid, an omega-6 fat, makes up the membranes of your red blood cells, shown as a percent of all the fatty acids there.
• ARCReticulocyte Count (Absolute)The number of reticulocytes (very young red blood cells) in a set amount of blood. It shows how many new red cells your bone marrow is releasing.
• ARRAldosterone / Renin Activity Ratio (ARR)A calculated ratio of aldosterone to plasma renin activity. Clinicians use it as a first step when looking into primary aldosteronism in people with high blood pressure.
• ARR-DRCAldosterone / Direct Renin Ratio (ADRR)A calculated ratio of aldosterone to direct renin concentration. Clinicians use it as a first step when looking into primary aldosteronism in people with high blood pressure.
• ASATAspartate Aminotransferase (AST)An enzyme found mainly in the liver, and also in muscle and heart. Raised blood levels can be a sign of damage to those cells.
• ASLOAntistreptolysin O (ASO) titerMeasures antibodies your body makes against a toxin from group A strep bacteria, which can show a strep infection in the recent past.
• ASMAAnti-Smooth Muscle Antibody (ASMA) titerLooks for antibodies that react with smooth muscle proteins. Mostly used when checking for autoimmune hepatitis, a liver condition. Reported as a titer.
• ASOAntistreptolysin O (ASO) titerMeasures antibodies your body makes against a toxin from group A strep bacteria, which can show a strep infection in the recent past.
• ASOTAntistreptolysin O (ASO) titerMeasures antibodies your body makes against a toxin from group A strep bacteria, which can show a strep infection in the recent past.
• ASTAspartate Aminotransferase (AST)An enzyme found mainly in the liver, and also in muscle and heart. Raised blood levels can be a sign of damage to those cells.
• ATAntithrombin ActivityMeasures how well antithrombin, a natural brake on blood clotting, is working in your blood.
• AT IIIAntithrombin ActivityMeasures how well antithrombin, a natural brake on blood clotting, is working in your blood.
• AT3Antithrombin ActivityMeasures how well antithrombin, a natural brake on blood clotting, is working in your blood.
• aβ2GPI IgGBeta-2 Glycoprotein I Antibody IgGMeasures IgG antibodies against beta-2 glycoprotein I, a blood protein. It is one of the tests used when a clinician is looking into antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).
• aβ2GPI IgMBeta-2 Glycoprotein I Antibody IgMMeasures IgM antibodies against beta-2 glycoprotein I, a blood protein. It is one of the tests used when a clinician is looking into antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).
• Aβ42/40Amyloid Beta 42/40 Ratio, PlasmaThe ratio of two amyloid peptides in blood plasma. A lower ratio can be a sign of amyloid build-up in the brain, and each lab method has its own cutoff.
• Aβ42/Aβ40Amyloid Beta 42/40 Ratio, PlasmaThe ratio of two amyloid peptides in blood plasma. A lower ratio can be a sign of amyloid build-up in the brain, and each lab method has its own cutoff.