Every marker, explained
Grouped by body system. Each page has cited ranges, what high and low can mean, and where you stand compared with people your age.
For a whole report, browse by panel: the groups of tests labs usually order together. For the tests that matter in your situation, like a thyroid condition or testosterone therapy, see who it’s for.
Work out a number from your results with the calculators, see what’s typical by age and sex, convert units, or look up a name in the A to Z of abbreviations.
578blood and urine tests so far
Heart & Cholesterol
28 testsCholesterol and other blood fats, the particles that carry them, and markers of heart strain or injury.
- Apolipoprotein B (ApoB)
- HDL Cholesterol
- Homocysteine
- LDL Cholesterol
- Lipoprotein(a), mass (mg/dL)
- Lipoprotein(a), molar (nmol/L)
- Non-HDL Cholesterol
- Total Cholesterol
- Total Cholesterol / HDL Ratio
- Triglycerides
- ApoB / ApoA1 Ratio
- Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1)
- BNP (B-Type Natriuretic Peptide)
- CK-MB
- GlycA
- HDL Particle Number (HDL-P)
- Large HDL Particle Number
- Large VLDL Particle Number
- LDL / HDL Ratio
- LDL Particle Number (LDL-P)
- LDL Particle Size
- Lp-PLA2 Activity
- NT-proBNP (N-Terminal pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide)
- Remnant Cholesterol
- Triglyceride / HDL Ratio
- Troponin I (Cardiac, incl. High-Sensitivity)
- Troponin T (Cardiac, incl. High-Sensitivity)
- VLDL Cholesterol
Blood Sugar & Metabolism
13 testsHow your body handles sugar and energy: glucose, A1c, insulin and related hormones.
Kidneys
12 testsHow well your kidneys filter waste from your blood, plus uric acid.
Liver
21 testsLiver enzymes, bilirubin and the proteins your liver makes.
- Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
- Albumin
- Albumin/Globulin (A/G) Ratio
- Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
- Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
- Bilirubin, Total
- Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)
- Globulin, Total
- Protein, Total
- Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) Level
- Ammonia
- Bile Acids, Total (fasting)
- Bilirubin, Direct
- Bilirubin, Indirect
- Ceruloplasmin
- Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) Score
- FIB-4 Index
- FibroSure Fibrosis Score
- FibroSure Fibrosis Stage (METAVIR F0-F4)
- Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
- Prealbumin (Transthyretin)
Electrolytes & Minerals
13 testsSodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and the other salts that keep fluid balance, nerves and muscles working.
Blood Cells
47 testsYour complete blood count: red cells that carry oxygen, white cells that fight infection, and platelets that clot.
- Basophils (Absolute)
- Basophils (Percent)
- Eosinophils (Absolute)
- Eosinophils (Percent)
- Hematocrit
- Hemoglobin
- Lymphocytes (Absolute)
- Lymphocytes (Percent)
- Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)
- Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
- Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
- Mean Platelet Volume (MPV)
- Monocytes (Absolute)
- Monocytes (Percent)
- Neutrophils (Absolute)
- Neutrophils (Percent)
- Platelet Count
- Red Blood Cell Count
- Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW-CV)
- White Blood Cell Count
- Atypical (Reactive) Lymphocytes (Absolute)
- Atypical (Reactive) Lymphocytes (Percent)
- Band Neutrophils (Absolute)
- Band Neutrophils (Percent)
- Direct Antiglobulin Test (Direct Coombs)
- Erythropoietin (EPO)
- G6PD (Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase)
- Haptoglobin
- Hemoglobin A2 (HbA2)
- Hemoglobin Electrophoresis Interpretation
- Hemoglobin F (Fetal Hemoglobin)
- Hemoglobin S (HbS)
- Immature Granulocytes (Absolute)
- Immature Granulocytes (Percent)
- Nucleated Red Blood Cells (nRBC) (Absolute)
- Nucleated Red Blood Cells (nRBC) (Percent)
- Peripheral Blood Smear Interpretation
- Platelet Distribution Width (PDW)
- Platelet Estimate (Smear)
- Platelet Morphology
- RBC Morphology
- Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW-SD)
- Reticulocyte Count (Absolute)
- Reticulocyte Count (Percent)
- Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Content (CHr / Ret-He)
- Sickle Cell Screen (Hemoglobin S Solubility)
- WBC Morphology
Iron
6 testsIron in your blood, how much you have stored, and the proteins that move it around.
Thyroid
13 testsThe hormones that set your metabolic pace, and antibodies that can attack the thyroid.
- Free T3 (Free Triiodothyronine)
- Free T4 (Free Thyroxine)
- Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (TPO)
- TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)
- Free Thyroxine Index (T7)
- Reverse T3
- T3 Uptake
- Thyroglobulin (Tg)
- Thyroglobulin Antibodies
- Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulin (TSI)
- Total T3 (Triiodothyronine)
- Total T4 (Thyroxine)
- TSH Receptor Antibodies (TRAb / TBII)
Sex Hormones & Fertility
17 testsTestosterone, estrogen, progesterone, the pituitary signals that control them, and fertility markers.
- Estradiol (E2)
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
- Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG)
- Testosterone, Free
- Testosterone, Total
- Androstenedione
- Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH)
- Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
- Estrone (E1)
- Free Androgen Index (FAI)
- hCG, Qualitative (Serum Pregnancy Test)
- hCG, Qualitative (Urine Pregnancy Test)
- hCG, Total, Quantitative (Beta-hCG)
- Progesterone
- Prolactin
- Testosterone, Bioavailable
Stress & Growth Hormones
22 testsCortisol, DHEA, growth hormone, IGF-1 and other adrenal and pituitary hormones.
- Cortisol
- DHEA Sulfate (DHEA-S)
- IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1)
- 17-Hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP)
- ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone)
- Aldosterone
- Aldosterone / Direct Renin Ratio (ADRR)
- Aldosterone / Renin Activity Ratio (ARR)
- Cortisol, Free, 24-Hour Urine
- Cortisol, Late-Night Saliva
- Cortisol, Saliva
- DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone, Unconjugated)
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- IGF-1 Z-Score (SDS)
- IGFBP-3 (IGF Binding Protein 3)
- Metanephrine, 24-Hour Urine
- Metanephrine, Free, Plasma
- Normetanephrine, 24-Hour Urine
- Normetanephrine, Free, Plasma
- Plasma Renin Activity (PRA)
- Renin, Direct Concentration
- Total Metanephrines, 24-Hour Urine
Vitamins & Nutrients
25 testsVitamins, trace minerals, omega-3s and other nutrients measured in blood.
- Folate (Vitamin B9), Serum
- Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
- Vitamin D (25-Hydroxy)
- AA:EPA Ratio
- Active Vitamin B12 (Holotranscobalamin)
- Arachidonic Acid (AA)
- Arachidonic Acid (AA), RBC
- Copper
- DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid)
- DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid), RBC
- EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid)
- EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid), RBC
- Folate, Red Blood Cell
- Methylmalonic Acid (MMA), Serum
- Omega-3 Index (EPA+DHA)
- Omega-6:Omega-3 Ratio
- Phenylalanine
- Selenium
- Vitamin A (Retinol)
- Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
- Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxal 5-Phosphate)
- Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
- Vitamin D (1,25-Dihydroxy)
- Vitamin E (Alpha-Tocopherol)
- Zinc
Inflammation
5 testsSignals of inflammation in the body, from everyday CRP to specialized cytokines.
Immune System
28 testsAntibody levels, complement proteins and immune cell counts.
- Albumin, SPEP (percent of total protein)
- Alpha-1 Globulin, SPEP (g/dL)
- Alpha-1 Globulin, SPEP (percent)
- Alpha-2 Globulin, SPEP (g/dL)
- Alpha-2 Globulin, SPEP (percent)
- Beta Globulin (total), SPEP (g/dL)
- Beta Globulin (total), SPEP (percent)
- C1 Esterase Inhibitor, antigenic (protein level)
- C1 Esterase Inhibitor, functional
- CD16+/CD56+ NK Cells, absolute
- CD16+/CD56+ NK Cells, percent
- CD19+ B Cells, absolute
- CD19+ B Cells, percent
- CD3+ T Cells, absolute
- CD3+ T Cells, percent
- CD4/CD8 Ratio
- CD4+ T Helper Cells, absolute
- CD4+ T Helper Cells, percent
- CD8+ T Cells, absolute
- CD8+ T Cells, percent
- Complement C3
- Complement C4
- Cryoglobulin Screen
- Gamma Globulin, SPEP (g/dL)
- Gamma Globulin, SPEP (percent)
- Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
- Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
- Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
Autoimmunity
41 testsAntibodies that can signal the immune system targeting your own tissues, including celiac disease.
- Acetylcholine Receptor (AChR) Binding Antibody
- ANA Pattern (ICAP)
- ANA Titer (IFA)
- ANCA Screen (IFA)
- Anti-CCP (Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide) Antibody
- Anti-Centromere B (CENP-B) Antibody
- Anti-dsDNA Antibody (quantitative)
- Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM) Antibody
- Anti-Mitochondrial Antibody (AMA), screen/titer
- Anti-Mitochondrial M2 Antibody
- Anti-Parietal Cell Antibody (APCA)
- Anti-PLA2R Antibody (Phospholipase A2 Receptor)
- Anti-Scl-70 (Topoisomerase I) Antibody
- Anti-Smith (Sm) Antibody
- Anti-Smooth Muscle Antibody (ASMA) titer
- Anti-SSA/Ro Antibody
- Anti-SSB/La Antibody
- Anti-U1-RNP Antibody (RNP)
- Anticardiolipin Antibody IgG
- Anticardiolipin Antibody IgM
- Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) Screen
- Aquaporin-4 (AQP4/NMO) IgG
- Beta-2 Glycoprotein I Antibody IgG
- Beta-2 Glycoprotein I Antibody IgM
- c-ANCA (cytoplasmic) Titer
- Deamidated Gliadin Peptide (DGP) IgA
- Deamidated Gliadin Peptide (DGP) IgG
- ENA Screen (extractable nuclear antigens)
- Endomysial Antibody IgA (EMA)
- GAD65 Antibody (Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase)
- IA-2 Antibody (Islet Antigen-2)
- Insulin Autoantibodies (IAA)
- Intrinsic Factor Blocking Antibody
- MOG-IgG (Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody)
- MPO-ANCA (Anti-Myeloperoxidase Antibody)
- p-ANCA (perinuclear) Titer
- PR3-ANCA (Anti-Proteinase 3 Antibody)
- Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
- Tissue Transglutaminase (tTG) IgA
- Tissue Transglutaminase (tTG) IgG
- ZnT8 Antibody (Zinc Transporter 8)
Allergies
54 testsTotal and allergen-specific IgE antibodies.
- Almond IgE
- Alpha-gal IgE
- Alternaria alternata IgE
- Ana o 3 (cashew) IgE
- Ara h 2 (peanut) IgE
- Ara h 8 (peanut) IgE
- Aspergillus fumigatus IgE
- Bermuda Grass IgE
- Birch IgE
- Bos d 8 casein (milk) IgE
- Brazil Nut IgE
- Cashew Nut IgE
- Cat Dander IgE
- Cladosporium herbarum IgE
- Codfish IgE
- Common Ragweed (Short) IgE
- Cor a 14 (hazelnut) IgE
- D. farinae (American house dust mite) IgE
- D. pteronyssinus (European house dust mite) IgE
- Dog Dander IgE
- Egg White IgE
- Elm IgE
- Gal d 1 ovomucoid (egg) IgE
- German Cockroach IgE
- Hazelnut (Filbert) IgE
- Honey Bee Venom IgE
- Horse Dander IgE
- Immunoglobulin E (IgE), Total
- Johnson Grass IgE
- Kentucky Blue Grass (June) IgE
- Latex IgE
- Milk IgE
- Mountain Cedar (Juniper) IgE
- Mugwort IgE
- Oak IgE
- Olive Tree IgE
- Paper Wasp Venom (Polistes) IgE
- Peanut IgE
- Pecan Nut IgE
- Penicillium chrysogenum IgE
- Perennial Rye Grass IgE
- Pistachio IgE
- Rough pigweed IgE
- Salmon IgE
- Sesame Seed IgE
- Shrimp IgE
- Soybean IgE
- Sycamore IgE
- Timothy Grass IgE
- Tryptase
- Walnut IgE
- Wheat IgE
- White mulberry IgE
- Yellow Jacket Venom (Vespula) IgE
Infections & Immunity
53 testsScreening for infections and checking immunity from past infection or vaccination.
- Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer
- Chlamydia trachomatis NAAT
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgM
- Dengue NS1 antigen
- Dengue virus IgG
- Dengue virus IgM
- Diphtheria antitoxoid IgG
- EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA) IgG
- EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgG
- EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgM
- Hepatitis A antibody, IgM
- Hepatitis A antibody, total
- Hepatitis B Core Antibody, IgM
- Hepatitis B Core Antibody, Total (Anti-HBc)
- Hepatitis B e antibody (anti-HBe)
- Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)
- Hepatitis B Surface Antibody (Anti-HBs)
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)
- Hepatitis B Virus DNA (Quantitative)
- Hepatitis C Antibody
- Hepatitis C Virus Genotype
- Hepatitis C Virus RNA (Quantitative)
- Herpes Simplex Virus 1 IgG (Type-Specific)
- Herpes Simplex Virus 2 IgG (Type-Specific)
- HIV-1 RNA (Quantitative Viral Load)
- HIV-1/2 Antigen/Antibody (4th Generation)
- Lyme Disease Antibody (Screen)
- Lyme Disease Western Blot (IgG and IgM Bands)
- Malaria Antigen (Rapid Test)
- Malaria Parasite Smear (Thick/Thin Film)
- Measles (Rubeola) IgG
- Mononucleosis Screen (Heterophile Antibody)
- Mumps IgG
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae NAAT
- QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (IGRA)
- RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin)
- Rubella IgG
- Salmonella Typhi IgM (Typhoid Antibody)
- SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) antibody
- SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) antibody
- Syphilis Antibody, Treponemal
- T-SPOT.TB (IGRA result)
- Tetanus antitoxoid IgG
- Toxoplasma gondii IgG
- Toxoplasma gondii IgM
- Trichomonas vaginalis NAAT
- Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) IgG
- Widal test (typhoid O and H agglutinins)
- Widal, Salmonella Paratyphi A (AH) Titer
- Widal, Salmonella Paratyphi B (BH) Titer
- Widal, Salmonella Typhi H Titer
- Widal, Salmonella Typhi O Titer
Blood Clotting
13 testsHow quickly and how well your blood clots.
- Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT)
- Antithrombin Activity
- D-Dimer (FEU)
- Factor VIII Activity
- Fibrinogen Activity
- INR (International Normalized Ratio)
- Lupus Anticoagulant
- Protein C Activity
- Protein S Activity
- Protein S, Free Antigen
- Prothrombin Time (PT)
- von Willebrand Factor Activity (Ristocetin Cofactor / GPIb Binding)
- von Willebrand Factor Antigen (VWF:Ag)
Bones & Muscles
4 testsParathyroid hormone, bone turnover and muscle enzymes.
Pancreas & Digestion
7 testsPancreatic enzymes and stomach and gut markers measured in blood.
Cancer Markers
17 testsTumor markers and protein tests used to screen for or monitor certain cancers. Most are not diagnostic on their own.
- PSA, Total (Prostate-Specific Antigen)
- AFP (Alpha-Fetoprotein)
- CA 15-3 (Cancer Antigen 15-3)
- CA 19-9 (Cancer Antigen 19-9)
- CA 27.29
- CA-125 (Cancer Antigen 125)
- CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen)
- Cologuard (Multitarget Stool DNA Test)
- Free Kappa Light Chains, Serum
- Free Kappa/Lambda Light Chain Ratio
- Free Lambda Light Chains, Serum
- Immunofixation (IFE), Serum
- M-Protein (Monoclonal Spike), Serum
- Prostate Health Index (PHI)
- PSA, Free
- PSA, Free Percent (% Free PSA)
- SPEP Interpretation (Serum Protein Electrophoresis)
Brain & Nerves
5 testsBlood markers of nerve injury and Alzheimer's disease pathology.
Aging & Longevity
3 testsComposite scores like biological age, calculated from standard blood tests.
Heavy Metals & Exposures
22 testsLead, mercury and other metals, plus markers of nicotine and alcohol exposure.
- Arsenic, 24-Hour Urine
- Arsenic, Blood
- Arsenic, Urine
- Arsenic/Creatinine Ratio, Urine
- Cadmium, 24-Hour Urine
- Cadmium, Blood
- Cadmium, Urine
- Cadmium/Creatinine Ratio, Urine
- Cotinine, Serum
- Cotinine, Urine
- Cotinine, Urine (Screen)
- Ethanol (Blood Alcohol)
- Ethyl Glucuronide (EtG), Urine
- Lead, 24-Hour Urine
- Lead, Blood
- Lead, Urine
- Lead/Creatinine Ratio, Urine
- Mercury, 24-Hour Urine
- Mercury, Blood
- Mercury, Urine
- Mercury/Creatinine Ratio, Urine
- PEth 16:0/18:1 (Phosphatidylethanol)
Medication Levels
25 testsBlood levels of medicines that need monitoring to stay safe and effective.
- Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)
- Amikacin (Peak)
- Amikacin (Trough)
- Carbamazepine (Total)
- Cyclosporine (Trough)
- Digoxin
- Everolimus
- Gentamicin (Peak)
- Gentamicin (Trough)
- Lamotrigine
- Levetiracetam
- Lithium
- Methotrexate
- Mycophenolic Acid (MPA)
- Phenobarbital
- Phenytoin (Free)
- Phenytoin (Total)
- Salicylate (Aspirin Level)
- Sirolimus
- Tacrolimus
- Tobramycin (Peak)
- Tobramycin (Trough)
- Valproic Acid (Total)
- Vancomycin (Random)
- Vancomycin (Trough)
Blood Gases & Acid-Base
11 testsOxygen, carbon dioxide and acid-base balance, mostly measured in hospital settings.
Urine Tests
59 testsUrinalysis and urine chemistry that often appear on the same report as blood work.
- Urine Appearance (Clarity)
- Urine Bacteria
- Urine Bilirubin (Dipstick)
- Urine Blood (Dipstick)
- Urine Color
- Urine Glucose (Dipstick)
- Urine Ketones (Dipstick)
- Urine Leukocyte Esterase (Dipstick)
- Urine Nitrite (Dipstick)
- Urine pH
- Urine Protein (Dipstick)
- Urine Red Blood Cells (RBC)
- Urine Specific Gravity
- Urine Squamous Epithelial Cells
- Urine Urobilinogen (Dipstick)
- Urine White Blood Cells (WBC)
- Urine Albumin (Microalbumin), Random
- Urine Amorphous Sediment
- Urine Amphetamines Screen
- Urine Barbiturates Screen
- Urine Benzodiazepines Screen
- Urine Bile Salts
- Urine Buprenorphine Screen
- Urine Calcium Oxalate Crystals
- Urine Calcium-to-Creatinine Ratio
- Urine Calcium, 24-Hour
- Urine Calcium, Random
- Urine Cannabinoids (THC) Screen
- Urine Casts (Other / Unspecified)
- Urine Chloride, Random
- Urine Cocaine Metabolite (Benzoylecgonine) Screen
- Urine Creatinine, 24-Hour
- Urine Creatinine, Random
- Urine Culture
- Urine Drug Screen (Panel Result)
- Urine Fentanyl Screen
- Urine Granular Casts
- Urine Hyaline Casts
- Urine MDMA (Ecstasy) Screen
- Urine Methadone Screen
- Urine Methamphetamine Screen
- Urine Mucus
- Urine Opiates Screen
- Urine Osmolality
- Urine Oxycodone Screen
- Urine Phencyclidine (PCP) Screen
- Urine Potassium, 24-Hour
- Urine Potassium, Random
- Urine Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells
- Urine Sodium, 24-Hour
- Urine Sodium, Random
- Urine Total Protein, 24-Hour
- Urine Total Protein, Random (Quantitative)
- Urine Transitional (Urothelial) Epithelial Cells
- Urine Triple Phosphate (Struvite) Crystals
- Urine Uric Acid Crystals
- Urine Uric Acid, 24-Hour
- Urine Volume, 24-Hour
- Urine Yeast
Genetics & Blood Type
14 testsBlood type and common genetic variants tested from a blood sample.